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===Carrying Capacity and Encumbrance===
===Carrying Capacity and Encumbrance===
Carrying capacity is the amount of weight, in pounds, that your character can pick up, wear, wield, and move around. Carrying capacity and encumbrance are a set of 'realism' rules, to prevent such things as the fighter from carrying around one of every single martial weapon, 'just in case'. Granted, with the right magic items a fighter can get... scarily close to doing that at the upper reaches of play, but it should be a Big Deal.
Carrying capacity is the amount of weight that your character can pick up, wear, wield, and move around. Carrying capacity and encumbrance are a set of 'realism' rules, to prevent such things as the fighter from carrying around one of every single martial weapon, 'just in case'. Granted, with the right magic items a fighter can get frighteningly close to doing that at the upper reaches of play, but it should be a ''Big Deal''.


Carrying capacity is a number based on your strength.  All items in the game have a weight defined in pounds. Note that this weight is a bit abstract.  Many items are a bit 'heavier' in pounds than seems reasonable, this is because 'pounds' in game terms are not based on real-world pounds, they are a combined measure of weight and awkwardness. If you wanted to call them 'kilos', or 'stones', it doesn't matter in the slightest.  
All items in the game have a weight defined in pounds. Note that this weight is a bit abstract.  Many items are a bit 'heavier' in pounds than seems reasonable, this is because 'pounds' in game terms are not based on real-world pounds, they are a combined measure of weight and awkwardness. A real-world long sword doesn't weigh anywhere close to 4 pounds, but the extra heft accounts for the scabbard, the belt and fittings to carry it, and the general awkwardness of day-to-day handling a meter-long hunk of sharp metal. Similarly, '[[treasure]]', in the form of [[Sellable Goods]] dropped by monsters are valuable, but they're also wretchedly heavy, awkward, drippy, dirty, sharp, sticky, off-balanced, and generally inconvenient. Their 'weight' abstracts all of that detail.


A real-world long sword doesn't weigh anywhere close to 4 pounds, but the extra heft accounts for the scabbard, the belt and fittings to carry it, and the general awkwardness of day-to-day handling a meter-long hunk of sharp metal. This is the reason that abstract '[[Treasure]]' dropped by monsters is so wretchedly heavy and inconvenient. [[Sellable Goods]] are often valuable and awesome, but they're also heavy, awkward, drippy, dirty, sharp, sticky, off-balanced, and generally inconvenient. Their 'weight' abstracts all of that detail, as we try to keep things as simple as is reasonable.
A special note must be made of medium and heavy [[armor]]s and the various [[shields]]. Such things are not only heavy when measured in 'game-pounds', but wearing them also inflicts penalties over and above any penalties incurred just because of their weight.  Even if a suit of heavy armor is literally the only thing your character is wearing and the weight is well under your 'light load' threshold, that suit of armor still slows your movement and inflicts a penalty on your strength- and dexterity-based skill checks (see [[Armor_and_Shields#Armor_Check_Penalty|armor check penalty]]). This simulates the fact that, while surrounding yourself with hardened steel and bulky padding like an insect's carapace is very effective at warding off attacks, it comes at a cost.


A special note must be made of medium and heavy [[armor]]s and the various [[shields]]. Such things are VERY heavy when measured in 'game-pounds', but they also have special encumbrance rules.  Even if a suit of heavy armor is literally the only thing your character is wearing and the weight in pounds is well under your 'light load' threshold, that suit of armor still slows your movement and may have impacts on certain skill rolls. This simulates the fact that slathering hardened steel and leather and padding over your entire body like a carapace is awesome, and everybody would do it if it wasn't unpleasant. Heavy and medium armor has in-game performance costs beyond weight and treasure, to help balance out how incredibly useful and desirable it is. After all, why wouldn't everybody wear plate mail if it wasn't painful in some way?
The carrying capacity of your character is defined in the table below, based upon your current strength ability score (not strength modifier). Anything that increases your strength also increases these numbers.  In addition, ranks in the [[Might#Carry_Heavier_Loads|Might]] skill increase your carrying capacity even further. Some of the fantastic races (such as [[Arborian#Standard_Racial_Traits|Arborian]]s) even gain racial traits that enable them to carry more weight than would be normal for a creature of their size and strength.


The carrying capacity of your character is defined in the table below, based upon your current strength ability score. These numbers can be modified by racial abilities, class abilities, and feats, among other things, so read carefully and grab all those bonuses!
<div style="margin-left:1.5em">
==== Light Load ====
If the total weight of all equipment, armor, weapons, foodstuffs, and other gear your character is carrying is less than or equal to the value listed for ''Light Load'', based on your characters Strength ability score, your character is considered unencumbered, and suffers no penalties.  It is generally recommended that characters try to avoid ever carrying more stuff than their light load would allow them to carry.


So, what happens if your sorcerer, with a strength of 7, tries to carry a tenth of a pound more than 23 pounds?  IE, what are the penalties for carrying a medium load, or a heavy load? What happens if that strength 7 sorcerer is trying to drag the partisan in their plate mail, who weighs a neat 325 pounds?
==== Medium Load ====
If your character is carrying more weight than the listed ''Light Load'' value, but less than or equal to the listed ''Medium Load'' value, they suffer a -5 foot penalty to all movement speeds they possess until they can reduce the amount they are carrying to back under their ''Light Load'' value.


We're glad you asked!
==== Heavy Load ====
If your character is carrying more weight than the listed ''Medium Load'' value, but less than or equal to the listed ''Heavy Load'' value, they are [[Slowed]] with all movement speeds they possess until they can reduce thei amount they are carrying back under their ''Medium Load'' value.  This is not a normal [[Slowed]] condition, since it cannot be 'cured' through any means except reducing the amount of weight your character is carrying.


If your character is wearing any kind of armor or has equipped a wielded shield of any size, they first suffer any effects listed in the writeup of that armor or shield.
==== Overburdened ====
If your character is carrying more weight than the listed ''Heavy Load'' value, but less than or equal to their listed ''Max Drag'' value, they can still move around under all of that weight, but they are considered ''Overburdened''.  While ''Overburdened'', all squares of terrain are treated as [[Impeded]] to all movement types, even teleports.


After the effects of armor and/or shield are calculated, then, any mitigating effects of race abilities, class abilities, magic items, feats, etc, are accounted for.
If you try to carry more than your Max Drag, you collapse, and depending upon the GM's rulings, you might suffer the [[Pinned]] condition, or even go into the [[Environmental Effects]] Rules for suffering under a collapse. This is terrible, don't try it.


Next, your total adjusted carrying capacity is calculated. Start with your current strength ability score, and adjust that number for class abilities, racial abilities, feats, skills, or magic-item abilities.
If you are swimming or flying, there will be other consequences that your kind GM will be sure to inflict upon you, such as sinking like a stone.  


Then, all the weight of equipment, magic items, and 'stuff' your character is carrying (including the weight of armor and shield, yes, you have to account for those pesky things twice) is added up and compared to your adjusted carrying capacity.
==== Drag and Lift Over Head ====
You can lift an object that weighs less than or equal to your ''Max Drag'' value over your head, but if it weighs more than your ''Heavy Load'' value by itself (not including any gear you are also carrying), you are [[Immobilized]] while doing so, until you drop that ridiculously heavy thing.  However, if the object you are lifting, plus all the equipment you are currently carrying, brings your total encumbrance greater than your ''Max Drag'' value, you cannot lift the object off the ground.


:* If your character has less equipment and stuff than the largest number in their current light load (round up), they suffer no ill effects.
If you are only dragging an object (i.e. some part of it is still on the ground), you can move around with the object, only suffering the movement penalties for what that object's weight does to your total load (i.e. if it pushes you to a ''Heavy Load'', you become [[Slowed]], etc.). If the weight of the object you are dragging brings your total weight carried to a number greater than your ''Max Drag'' value, you cannot drag it; it is simply too heavy.
:* If your character is in their medium load band, but carrying less than the highest number in their medium load, they suffer a -5 foot penalty to all their move speeds. This can be mitigated by racial abilities, class features, etc.
:* If your character is in their heavy load band, but carrying less than the highest number in their heavy load, they are treated as if [[slowed]] to all their move speeds. This is not a 'normal' condition and can only be cured by reducing weight or increasing carrying capacity. It does not affect stacking of any other condition, either, which kind of sucks. This can be mitigated by racial abilities, class features, etc.
:* If your character has more stuff than their highest Heavy load, but less than their Max Drag, they can still move around under all that weight but are considered Overburdened. While Overburdened, all squares of terrain are treated as [[Impeded]] to all movement types, even teleports. Note that since this is a game effect not related to the exact weight, this is NOT AFFECTED by racial abilities that 'double your carrying capacity', except to make your Overburdened penalty kick in later.
:* If you try to carry more than your Max Drag, you collapse, and depending upon the GM's rulings, you might suffer [[Pinned]] or even go into the [[Environmental Effects]] Rules for suffering under a collapse. This is terrible, don't try it.
:* If you are trying to move more than your current Heavy carrying capacity's largest number, you can try to stand still and lift that weight off the ground up to over your head, or, you can try and drag it around as if all squares are [[Impeded]] to all movement types.
:* If you are swimming or flying, there will be other consequences that your kind GM will be sure to inflict upon you, such as sinking like a stone.
:* If you try to move a weight heavier than your Heavy carrying capacity, but less than your Max Drag, during a combat, skill challenge, or nasty Environmental effect, you are considered to be [[Flat-footed]] until you let go of that ridiculously heavy thing.  So, the Sorcerer dragging the downed Partisan out of the lava flow is REALLY taking one for the team, and that Partisan owes them a delicious adult beverage...assuming they even survive that insanity.


{| class="ep-default" style="text-align:center"
If you attempt to drag an object, or lift it over your head, and the object by itself weighs more than your ''Heavy Load'' value, you are also [[Flat-Footed]] while doing so, in addition to all other penalties described above. Because of this, it can be very risky for the low-strength sorcerer to try to drag their armor-clad partisan friend out of the way of a lava flow in the middle of combat.  It's certainly very heroic, though, and the partisan should definitely buy that sorcerer a tasty adult beverage when they get back to town, assuming they manage to survive such shenanigans.
! width="100" | Score || width="50" | Modifier || width="150" | Light Load (lbs.) || width="150" | Medium Load (lbs.) || width="150" | Heavy Load (lbs.) || width="150" | Max Drag (lbs.)
</div>
 
:{| class="ep-default" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%; border-collapse:collapse;" width="100%"
! width="13%" | Score || width="7%" | Modifier || width="20%" | Light Load (lbs.) || width="20%" | Medium Load (lbs.) || width="20%" | Heavy Load (lbs.) || width="20%" | Max Drag (lbs.)
|-
|-
| (no score) || - || - || - || - || -
| (no score) || - || - || - || - || -
Line 164: Line 166:
| 0 || - || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| 0 || - || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
|-
| 1 || -5 || 0 - 3 || 4 - 6 || 7 - 10 || 50
| 1 || -5 || 3 || 6 || 10 || 50
|-
|-
| 2 || -4 || 0 - 6 || 7 - 13 || 14 - 20 || 100
| 2 || -4 || 6 || 13 || 20 || 100
|-
|-
| 3 || -4 || 0 - 10 || 11 - 20 || 21 - 30 || 150
| 3 || -4 || 10 || 20 || 30 || 150
|-
|-
| 4 || -3 || 0 - 13 || 14 - 26 || 27 - 40 || 200
| 4 || -3 || 13 || 26 || 40 || 200
|-
|-
| 5 || -3 || 0 - 16 || 17 - 33 || 34 - 50 || 250
| 5 || -3 || 16 || 33 || 50 || 250
|-
|-
| 6 || -2 || 0 - 20 || 21 - 40 || 41 - 60 || 300
| 6 || -2 || 20 || 40 || 60 || 300
|-
|-
| 7 || -2 || 0 - 23 || 24 - 46 || 47 - 70 || 350
| 7 || -2 || 23 || 46 || 70 || 350
|-
|-
| 8 || -1 || 0 - 26 || 27 - 53 || 54 - 80 || 400
| 8 || -1 || 26 || 53 || 80 || 400
|-
|-
| 9 || -1 || 0 - 30 || 31 - 60 || 61 - 90 || 450
| 9 || -1 || 30 || 60 || 90 || 450
|-
|-
| 10 || 0 || 0 - 33 || 34 - 66 || 67 - 100 || 500
| 10 || 0 || 33 || 66 || 100 || 500
|-
|-
| 11 || 0 || 0 - 38 || 39 - 76 || 77 - 115 || 575
| 11 || 0 || 38 || 76 || 115 || 575
|-
|-
| 12 || 1 || 0 - 43 || 44 - 86 || 87 - 130 || 650
| 12 || 1 || 43 || 86 || 130 || 650
|-
|-
| 13 || 1 || 0 - 50 || 51 - 100 || 101 - 150 || 750
| 13 || 1 || 50 || 100 || 150 || 750
|-
|-
| 14 || 2 || 0 - 58 || 59 - 116 || 117 - 175 || 875
| 14 || 2 || 58 || 116 || 175 || 875
|-
|-
| 15 || 2 || 0 - 66 || 67 - 133 || 134 - 200 || 1,000
| 15 || 2 || 66 || 133 || 200 || 1,000
|-
|-
| 16 || 3 || 0 - 76 || 77 - 153 || 154 - 230 || 1,150
| 16 || 3 || 76 || 153 || 230 || 1,150
|-
|-
| 17 || 3 || 0 - 86 || 87 - 173 || 174 - 260 || 1,300
| 17 || 3 || 86 || 173 || 260 || 1,300
|-
|-
| 18 || 4 || 0 - 100 || 101 - 200 || 201 - 300 || 1,500
| 18 || 4 || 100 || 200 || 300 || 1,500
|-
|-
| 19 || 4 || 0 - 116 || 117 - 233 || 234 - 350 || 1,750
| 19 || 4 || 116 || 233 || 350 || 1,750
|-
|-
| 20 || 5 || 0 - 133 || 134 - 266 || 267 - 400 || 2,000
| 20 || 5 || 133 || 266 || 400 || 2,000
|-
|-
| 21 || 5 || 0 - 153 || 154 - 306 || 307 - 460 || 2,300
| 21 || 5 || 153 || 306 || 460 || 2,300
|-
|-
| 22 || 6 || 0 - 173 || 174 - 346 || 347 - 520 || 2,600
| 22 || 6 || 173 || 346 || 520 || 2,600
|-
|-
| 23 || 6 || 0 - 200 || 201 - 400 || 401 - 600 || 3,000
| 23 || 6 || 200 || 400 || 600 || 3,000
|-
|-
| 24 || 7 || 0 - 233 || 234 - 466 || 467 - 700 || 3,500
| 24 || 7 || 233 || 466 || 700 || 3,500
|-
|-
| 25 || 7 || 0 - 266 || 267 - 533 || 534 - 800 || 4,000
| 25 || 7 || 266 || 533 || 800 || 4,000
|-
|-
| 26 || 8 || 0 - 306 || 307 - 613 || 614 - 920 || 4,600
| 26 || 8 || 306 || 613 || 920 || 4,600
|-
|-
| 27 || 8 || 0 - 346 || 347 - 693 || 694 - 1,040 || 5,200
| 27 || 8 || 346 || 693 || 1,040 || 5,200
|-
|-
| 28 || 9 || 0 - 400 || 401 - 800 || 801 - 1,200 || 6,000
| 28 || 9 || 400 || 800 || 1,200 || 6,000
|-
|-
| 29 || 9 || 0 - 466 || 467 - 933 || 934 - 1,400 || 7,000
| 29 || 9 || 466 || 933 || 1,400 || 7,000
|-
|-
| 30 || 10 || 0 - 532 || 533 - 1,066 || 1,067 - 1,600 || 8,000
| 30 || 10 || 532 || 1,066 || 1,600 || 8,000
|-
|-
| 31 || 10 || 0 - 612 || 613 - 1,224 || 1,225 - 1,840 || 9,200
| 31 || 10 || 612 || 1,224 || 1,840 || 9,200
|-
|-
| 32 || 11 || 0 - 692 || 693 - 1,384 || 1,385 - 2,080 || 10,400
| 32 || 11 || 692 || 1,384 || 2,080 || 10,400
|-
|-
| 33 || 11 || 0 - 800 || 801 - 1,600 || 1,601 - 2,400 || 12,000
| 33 || 11 || 800 || 1,600 || 2,400 || 12,000
|-
|-
| 34 || 12 || 0 - 932 || 933 - 1,864 || 1,865 - 2,800 || 14,000
| 34 || 12 || 932 || 1,864 || 2,800 || 14,000
|-
|-
| 35 || 12 || 0 - 1,064 || 1,065 - 2,132 || 2,133 - 3,200 || 16,000
| 35 || 12 || 1,064 || 2,132 || 3,200 || 16,000
|-
|-
| 36 || 13 || 0 - 1,224 || 1,225 - 2,452 || 2,453 - 3,680 || 18,400
| 36 || 13 || 1,224 || 2,452 || 3,680 || 18,400
|-
|-
| 37 || 13 || 0 - 1,384 || 1,385 - 2,772 || 2,773 - 4,160 || 20,800
| 37 || 13 || 1,384 || 2,772 || 4,160 || 20,800
|-
|-
| 38 || 14 || 0 - 1,600 || 1,601 - 3,200 || 3,201 - 4,800 || 24,000
| 38 || 14 || 1,600 || 3,200 || 4,800 || 24,000
|-
|-
| 39 || 14 || 0 - 1,864 || 1,865 - 3,732 || 3,733 - 5,600 || 28,000
| 39 || 14 || 1,864 || 3,732 || 5,600 || 28,000
|-
|-
| 40 || 15 || 0 - 2,128 || 2,129 - 4,264 || 4,265 - 6,400 || 32,000
| 40 || 15 || 2,128 || 4,264 || 6,400 || 32,000
|-
|-
| 41 || 15 || 0 - 2,448 || 2,449 - 4,896 || 4,897 - 7,360 || 36,800
| 41 || 15 || 2,448 || 4,896 || 7,360 || 36,800
|-
|-
| 42 || 16 || 0 - 2,768 || 2,769 - 5,536 || 5,537 - 8,320 || 41,600
| 42 || 16 || 2,768 || 5,536 || 8,320 || 41,600
|-
|-
| 43 || 16 || 0 - 3,200 || 3,201 - 6,400 || 6,401 - 9,600 || 48,000
| 43 || 16 || 3,200 || 6,400 || 9,600 || 48,000
|-
|-
| 44 || 17 || 0 - 3,728 || 3,729 - 7,456 || 7,457 - 11,200 || 56,000
| 44 || 17 || 3,728 || 7,456 || 11,200 || 56,000
|-
|-
| 45 || 17 || 0 - 4,256 || 4,257 - 8,528 || 8,529 - 12,800 || 64,000
| 45 || 17 || 4,256 || 8,528 || 12,800 || 64,000
|-
|-
| 46 || 18 || 0 - 4,896 || 4,897 - 9,808 || 9,809 - 14,720 || 73,600
| 46 || 18 || 4,896 || 9,808 || 14,720 || 73,600
|-
|-
| 47 || 18 || 0 - 5,536 || 5,537 - 11,088 || 11,089 - 16,640 || 83,200
| 47 || 18 || 5,536 || 11,088 || 16,640 || 83,200
|-
|-
| 48 || 19 || 0 - 6,400 || 6,401 - 12,800 || 12,801 - 19,200 || 96,000
| 48 || 19 || 6,400 || 12,800 || 19,200 || 96,000
|-
|-
| 49 || 19 || 0 - 7,456 || 7,457 - 14,928 || 14,929 - 22,400 || 112,000
| 49 || 19 || 7,456 || 14,928 || 22,400 || 112,000
|-
|-
| 50 || 20 || 0 - 8,512 || 8,513 - 17,056 || 17,057 - 25,600 || 128,000
| 50 || 20 || 8,512 || 17,056 || 25,600 || 128,000
|-
|-
| 51 || 20 || 0 - 9,792 || 9,793 - 19,584 || 19,585 - 29,440 || 147,200
| 51 || 20 || 9,792 || 19,584 || 29,440 || 147,200
|-
|-
| 52 || 21 || 0 - 11,072 || 11,073 - 22,144 || 22,145 - 33,280 || 166,400
| 52 || 21 || 11,072 || 22,144 || 33,280 || 166,400
|-
|-
| 53 || 21 || 0 - 12,800 || 12,801 - 25,600 || 25,601 - 38,400 || 192,000
| 53 || 21 || 12,800 || 25,600 || 38,400 || 192,000
|-
|-
| 54 || 22 || 0 - 14,912 || 14,913 - 29,824 || 29,825 - 44,800 || 224,000
| 54 || 22 || 14,912 || 29,824 || 44,800 || 224,000
|-
|-
| 55 || 22 || 0 - 17,024 || 17,025 - 34,112 || 34,113 - 51,200 || 256,000
| 55 || 22 || 17,024 || 34,112 || 51,200 || 256,000
|-
|-
| 56 || 23 || 0 - 19,584 || 19,585 - 39,232 || 39,233 - 58,880 || 294,400
| 56 || 23 || 19,584 || 39,232 || 58,880 || 294,400
|-
|-
| 57 || 23 || 0 - 22,144 || 22,145 - 44,352 || 44,353 - 66,560 || 332,800
| 57 || 23 || 22,144 || 44,352 || 66,560 || 332,800
|-
|-
| 58 || 24 || 0 - 25,600 || 25,601 - 51,200 || 51,201 - 76,800 || 384,000
| 58 || 24 || 25,600 || 51,200 || 76,800 || 384,000
|-
|-
| 59 || 24 || 0 - 29,824 || 29,825 - 59,712 || 59,713 - 89,600 || 448,000
| 59 || 24 || 29,824 || 59,712 || 89,600 || 448,000
|-
|-
| 60 || 25 || 0 - 34,048 || 34,049 - 68,224 || 68,225 - 102,400 || 512,000
| 60 || 25 || 34,048 || 68,224 || 102,400 || 512,000
|-
|-
| 61 || 25 || 0 - 39,168 || 39,169 - 78,336 || 78,337 - 117,760 || 588,800
| 61 || 25 || 39,168 || 78,336 || 117,760 || 588,800
|-
|-
| 62 || 26 || 0 - 44,288 || 44,289 - 88,576 || 88,577 - 133,120 || 665,600
| 62 || 26 || 44,288 || 88,576 || 133,120 || 665,600
|-
|-
| 63 || 26 || 0 - 51,200 || 51,201 - 102,400 || 102,401 - 153,600 || 768,000
| 63 || 26 || 51,200 || 102,400 || 153,600 || 768,000
|-
|-
| 64 || 27 || 0 - 59,648 || 59,649 - 119,296 || 119,297 - 179,200 || 896,000
| 64 || 27 || 59,648 || 119,296 || 179,200 || 896,000
|-
|-
| 65 || 27 || 0 - 68,096 || 68,097 - 136,448 || 136,449 - 204,800 || 1,024,000
| 65 || 27 || 68,096 || 136,448 || 204,800 || 1,024,000
|-
|-
| 66 || 28 || 0 - 78,336 || 78,337 - 156,928 || 156,929 - 235,520 || 1,177,600
| 66 || 28 || 78,336 || 156,928 || 235,520 || 1,177,600
|-
|-
| 67 || 28 || 0 - 88,576 || 88,577 - 177,408 || 177,409 - 266,240 || 1,331,200
| 67 || 28 || 88,576 || 177,408 || 266,240 || 1,331,200
|-
|-
| 68 || 29 || 0 - 102,400 || 102,401 - 204,800 || 204,801 - 307,200 || 1,536,000
| 68 || 29 || 102,400 || 204,800 || 307,200 || 1,536,000
|-
|-
| 69 || 29 || 0 - 119,296 || 119,297 - 238,848 || 238,849 - 358,400 || 1,792,000
| 69 || 29 || 119,296 || 238,848 || 358,400 || 1,792,000
|-
|-
| 70 || 30 || 0 - 136,192 || 136,193 - 272,896 || 272,897 - 409,600 || 2,048,000
| 70 || 30 || 136,192 || 272,896 || 409,600 || 2,048,000
|-
|-
| 71 || 30 || 0 - 156,672 || 156,673 - 313,344 || 313,345 - 471,040 || 2,355,200
| 71 || 30 || 156,672 || 313,344 || 471,040 || 2,355,200
|-
|-
| 72 || 31 || 0 - 177,152 || 177,153 - 354,304 || 354,305 - 532,480 || 2,662,400
| 72 || 31 || 177,152 || 354,304 || 532,480 || 2,662,400
|-
|-
| 73 || 31 || 0 - 204,800 || 204,801 - 409,600 || 409,601 - 614,400 || 3,072,000
| 73 || 31 || 204,800 || 409,600 || 614,400 || 3,072,000
|-
|-
| 74 || 32 || 0 - 238,592 || 238,593 - 477,184 || 477,185 - 716,800 || 3,584,000
| 74 || 32 || 238,592 || 477,184 || 716,800 || 3,584,000
|-
|-
| 75 || 32 || 0 - 272,384 || 272,385 - 545,792 || 545,793 - 819,200 || 4,096,000
| 75 || 32 || 272,384 || 545,792 || 819,200 || 4,096,000
|-
|-
| 76 || 33 || 0 - 313,344 || 313,345 - 627,712 || 627,713 - 942,080 || 4,710,400
| 76 || 33 || 313,344 || 627,712 || 942,080 || 4,710,400
|-
|-
| 77 || 33 || 0 - 354,304 || 354,305 - 709,632 || 709,633 - 1,064,960 || 5,324,800
| 77 || 33 || 354,304 || 709,632 || 1,064,960 || 5,324,800
|-
|-
| 78 || 34 || 0 - 409,600 || 409,601 - 819,200 || 819,201 - 1,228,800 || 6,144,000
| 78 || 34 || 409,600 || 819,200 || 1,228,800 || 6,144,000
|-
|-
| 79 || 34 || 0 - 477,184 || 477,185 - 955,392 || 955,393 - 1,433,600 || 7,168,000
| 79 || 34 || 477,184 || 955,392 || 1,433,600 || 7,168,000
|-
|-
| 80 || 35 || 0 - 544,768 || 544,769 - 1,091,584 || 1,091,585 - 1,638,400 || 8,192,000
| 80 || 35 || 544,768 || 1,091,584 || 1,638,400 || 8,192,000
|-
|-
| 81 || 35 || 0 - 626,688 || 626,689 - 1,253,376 || 1,253,377 - 1,884,160 || 9,420,800
| 81 || 35 || 626,688 || 1,253,376 || 1,884,160 || 9,420,800
|-
|-
| 82 || 36 || 0 - 708,608 || 708,609 - 1,417,216 || 1,417,217 - 2,129,920 || 10,649,600
| 82 || 36 || 708,608 || 1,417,216 || 2,129,920 || 10,649,600
|-
|-
| 83 || 36 || 0 - 819,200 || 819,201 - 1,638,400 || 1,638,401 - 2,457,600 || 12,288,000
| 83 || 36 || 819,200 || 1,638,400 || 2,457,600 || 12,288,000
|-
|-
| 84 || 37 || 0 - 954,368 || 954,369 - 1,908,736 || 1,908,737 - 2,867,200 || 14,336,000
| 84 || 37 || 954,368 || 1,908,736 || 2,867,200 || 14,336,000
|-
|-
| 85 || 37 || 0 - 1,089,536 || 1,089,537 - 2,183,168 || 2,183,169 - 3,276,800 || 16,384,000
| 85 || 37 || 1,089,536 || 2,183,168 || 3,276,800 || 16,384,000
|}
|}


Revision as of 15:14, 10 May 2020


Epic Path uses the standard array of ability scores: Strength (STR), Dexterity (DEX), Constitution (CON), Intelligence (INT), Wisdom (WIS) and Charisma (CHA). Each ability score is given an initial value during Character Creation, but can be raised, either temporarily or permanently, by character level, class abilities, feats, spells and spell effects, magic items, etc.

Ability scores are split into two categories: physical and mental, each of which has three of the ability scores:

  • Physical: STR, DEX and CON
  • Mental: INT, WIS and CHA

Temporary Ability Scores

Temporary adjustments to your ability scores are caused by any effect which has a duration, such as a spell effect, or an effect which isn't always active, such as a bonus from a magic item that has limited uses per day.

In addition, for the first 24 hours of wearing a magic item which boosts ability scores, the ability score increase granted is treated as a temporary ability score. Once the character has attuned to the item (by wearing it for 24 hours) the ability score increase granted by the item is considered a permanent ability score.

Permanent Ability Scores

Permanent ability scores are pretty self-explanatory -- they're ability scores that don't wear off, don't have a limited duration, or are part of the character's innate ability scores. The value of a character's ability scores is usually the sum of their starting values, any increases they've gained from levels, feats, or class abilities, and (non-temporary) increases granted by magic items.

Some abilities and effects ignore temporary ability scores, and are based purely on permanent ability scores. It is therefore important to keep track of your permanent ability scores separately from your temporary scores.

Ability Modifiers

The ability modifier is the numerical advantage or disadvantage that an ability score provides to your character when that ability score is used to perform skills, saving throws, combat maneuvers, and other activities. It is calculated by subtracting 10 from the ability score, and then dividing the remainder by 2, dropping fractions. For example, the ability modifier for a Strength of 15 is +2 (15 - 10 = 5 / 2 = 2.5 rounded down to 2). In the entries below, each ability score details how its ability modifier is used. You can also refer to the table below for a listing of the modifier for each ability score value.

It is important to keep an eye out for abilities and rules which call for an ability score versus an ability modifier. Using an ability score is rare, but it does happen. For example: the starting hit points for a 1st level character uses a character's Constitution ability score, but all future levels' hit point increases use their Constitution ability modifier.

When an ability score is permanently increased to a higher ability modifier, the benefit of that modifier is retroactively applied for each character level. For example, if a character's Constitution score is raised from a 15 to a 16 permanently, raising their modifier from +2 to +3, they would gain 1 hit point for each character level they currently have, as if they had always had that extra Constitution each time they leveled. Similarly, if a character's Intelligence increased to a higher modifier, they would gain an additional skill point for each character level they currently have. Refer to the individual Ability Score entries below to see how increases impact the character's other attributes.

Caster Ability Score

Spell-casting character classes always use one particular ability score modifier (sometimes referred to as their 'caster stat mod') when calculating the saving throw difficulty class (DC) of their spells. In addition, if their caster ability score is high enough, they may gain the ability to cast bonus spells, extracts or poultices per day based on a high ability score in their primary spell casting stat. The spell casting classes and the primary casting stat for each is listed below:

Class Stat
Alchemist INT
Bard CHA
Cleric WIS
Druid WIS
Paladin CHA
Ranger WIS
Sorcerer CHA
Wizard INT

Bonus Spell Slots per Day

Spell-casting character classes who possess a high primary casting ability score may qualify for bonus spells (or extracts, or poultices, depending on their class), per the table below. These bonus spells are an additional number of spells the caster may cast each day. They do not affect how many spells the character knows, only how many spells they can cast. Note that, even if a character's caster ability score is very high, they may not cast spells from spell levels higher than their current level in their caster class allows. Once they gain a high enough level to get access to the higher spell levels, any bonus spells they qualify for are also unlocked at that time, and are added to their number of spells castable per day.

For example, a 3rd level wizard with an Intelligence score of 18 gets 1 additional castable spell per day of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th spell levels. However, because they are only 3rd level, they only have access to 2nd level spells from their caster class, and therefore the bonus 3rd and 4th level spells from their high Intelligence score are unavailable to them until they are high enough level to cast 3rd and 4th level spells.
Table: Ability Modifiers and Bonus Spells
Ability Score Modifier 0th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th
6-7 -2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
8-9 -1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
10-11 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
12-13 1 - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
14-15 2 - 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
16-17 3 - 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
18-19 4 - 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
20-21 5 - 2 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - -
22-23 6 - 2 2 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - -
24-25 7 - 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - -
26-27 8 - 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - -
28-29 9 - 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - -
30-31 10 - 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - -
32-33 11 - 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 - - - - - -
34-35 12 - 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 - - - - -
36-37 13 - 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 - - - -
38-39 14 - 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 - - -
40-41 15 - 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 - -
42-43 16 - 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 -
44-45 17 - 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1
46-47 18 - 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1
48-49 19 - 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1
50-51 20 - 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1
52-53 21 - 6 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2
54-55 22 - 6 6 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2
56-57 23 - 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2
58-59 24 - 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2
60-61 25 - 7 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3

Strength (STR)

Used In
Adds to player to-hit rolls and damage rolls with melee attacks and melee touch attacks. Adds to damage for thrown weapons (but not to-hit rolls). Determines how much a character can carry without being encumbered (see below). Some skills make use of the character's Strength modifier.

Carrying Capacity and Encumbrance

Carrying capacity is the amount of weight that your character can pick up, wear, wield, and move around. Carrying capacity and encumbrance are a set of 'realism' rules, to prevent such things as the fighter from carrying around one of every single martial weapon, 'just in case'. Granted, with the right magic items a fighter can get frighteningly close to doing that at the upper reaches of play, but it should be a Big Deal.

All items in the game have a weight defined in pounds. Note that this weight is a bit abstract. Many items are a bit 'heavier' in pounds than seems reasonable, this is because 'pounds' in game terms are not based on real-world pounds, they are a combined measure of weight and awkwardness. A real-world long sword doesn't weigh anywhere close to 4 pounds, but the extra heft accounts for the scabbard, the belt and fittings to carry it, and the general awkwardness of day-to-day handling a meter-long hunk of sharp metal. Similarly, 'treasure', in the form of Sellable Goods dropped by monsters are valuable, but they're also wretchedly heavy, awkward, drippy, dirty, sharp, sticky, off-balanced, and generally inconvenient. Their 'weight' abstracts all of that detail.

A special note must be made of medium and heavy armors and the various shields. Such things are not only heavy when measured in 'game-pounds', but wearing them also inflicts penalties over and above any penalties incurred just because of their weight. Even if a suit of heavy armor is literally the only thing your character is wearing and the weight is well under your 'light load' threshold, that suit of armor still slows your movement and inflicts a penalty on your strength- and dexterity-based skill checks (see armor check penalty). This simulates the fact that, while surrounding yourself with hardened steel and bulky padding like an insect's carapace is very effective at warding off attacks, it comes at a cost.

The carrying capacity of your character is defined in the table below, based upon your current strength ability score (not strength modifier). Anything that increases your strength also increases these numbers. In addition, ranks in the Might skill increase your carrying capacity even further. Some of the fantastic races (such as Arborians) even gain racial traits that enable them to carry more weight than would be normal for a creature of their size and strength.

Light Load

If the total weight of all equipment, armor, weapons, foodstuffs, and other gear your character is carrying is less than or equal to the value listed for Light Load, based on your characters Strength ability score, your character is considered unencumbered, and suffers no penalties. It is generally recommended that characters try to avoid ever carrying more stuff than their light load would allow them to carry.

Medium Load

If your character is carrying more weight than the listed Light Load value, but less than or equal to the listed Medium Load value, they suffer a -5 foot penalty to all movement speeds they possess until they can reduce the amount they are carrying to back under their Light Load value.

Heavy Load

If your character is carrying more weight than the listed Medium Load value, but less than or equal to the listed Heavy Load value, they are Slowed with all movement speeds they possess until they can reduce thei amount they are carrying back under their Medium Load value. This is not a normal Slowed condition, since it cannot be 'cured' through any means except reducing the amount of weight your character is carrying.

Overburdened

If your character is carrying more weight than the listed Heavy Load value, but less than or equal to their listed Max Drag value, they can still move around under all of that weight, but they are considered Overburdened. While Overburdened, all squares of terrain are treated as Impeded to all movement types, even teleports.

If you try to carry more than your Max Drag, you collapse, and depending upon the GM's rulings, you might suffer the Pinned condition, or even go into the Environmental Effects Rules for suffering under a collapse. This is terrible, don't try it.

If you are swimming or flying, there will be other consequences that your kind GM will be sure to inflict upon you, such as sinking like a stone.

Drag and Lift Over Head

You can lift an object that weighs less than or equal to your Max Drag value over your head, but if it weighs more than your Heavy Load value by itself (not including any gear you are also carrying), you are Immobilized while doing so, until you drop that ridiculously heavy thing. However, if the object you are lifting, plus all the equipment you are currently carrying, brings your total encumbrance greater than your Max Drag value, you cannot lift the object off the ground.

If you are only dragging an object (i.e. some part of it is still on the ground), you can move around with the object, only suffering the movement penalties for what that object's weight does to your total load (i.e. if it pushes you to a Heavy Load, you become Slowed, etc.). If the weight of the object you are dragging brings your total weight carried to a number greater than your Max Drag value, you cannot drag it; it is simply too heavy.

If you attempt to drag an object, or lift it over your head, and the object by itself weighs more than your Heavy Load value, you are also Flat-Footed while doing so, in addition to all other penalties described above. Because of this, it can be very risky for the low-strength sorcerer to try to drag their armor-clad partisan friend out of the way of a lava flow in the middle of combat. It's certainly very heroic, though, and the partisan should definitely buy that sorcerer a tasty adult beverage when they get back to town, assuming they manage to survive such shenanigans.

Score Modifier Light Load (lbs.) Medium Load (lbs.) Heavy Load (lbs.) Max Drag (lbs.)
(no score) - - - - -
0 - 0 0 0 0
1 -5 3 6 10 50
2 -4 6 13 20 100
3 -4 10 20 30 150
4 -3 13 26 40 200
5 -3 16 33 50 250
6 -2 20 40 60 300
7 -2 23 46 70 350
8 -1 26 53 80 400
9 -1 30 60 90 450
10 0 33 66 100 500
11 0 38 76 115 575
12 1 43 86 130 650
13 1 50 100 150 750
14 2 58 116 175 875
15 2 66 133 200 1,000
16 3 76 153 230 1,150
17 3 86 173 260 1,300
18 4 100 200 300 1,500
19 4 116 233 350 1,750
20 5 133 266 400 2,000
21 5 153 306 460 2,300
22 6 173 346 520 2,600
23 6 200 400 600 3,000
24 7 233 466 700 3,500
25 7 266 533 800 4,000
26 8 306 613 920 4,600
27 8 346 693 1,040 5,200
28 9 400 800 1,200 6,000
29 9 466 933 1,400 7,000
30 10 532 1,066 1,600 8,000
31 10 612 1,224 1,840 9,200
32 11 692 1,384 2,080 10,400
33 11 800 1,600 2,400 12,000
34 12 932 1,864 2,800 14,000
35 12 1,064 2,132 3,200 16,000
36 13 1,224 2,452 3,680 18,400
37 13 1,384 2,772 4,160 20,800
38 14 1,600 3,200 4,800 24,000
39 14 1,864 3,732 5,600 28,000
40 15 2,128 4,264 6,400 32,000
41 15 2,448 4,896 7,360 36,800
42 16 2,768 5,536 8,320 41,600
43 16 3,200 6,400 9,600 48,000
44 17 3,728 7,456 11,200 56,000
45 17 4,256 8,528 12,800 64,000
46 18 4,896 9,808 14,720 73,600
47 18 5,536 11,088 16,640 83,200
48 19 6,400 12,800 19,200 96,000
49 19 7,456 14,928 22,400 112,000
50 20 8,512 17,056 25,600 128,000
51 20 9,792 19,584 29,440 147,200
52 21 11,072 22,144 33,280 166,400
53 21 12,800 25,600 38,400 192,000
54 22 14,912 29,824 44,800 224,000
55 22 17,024 34,112 51,200 256,000
56 23 19,584 39,232 58,880 294,400
57 23 22,144 44,352 66,560 332,800
58 24 25,600 51,200 76,800 384,000
59 24 29,824 59,712 89,600 448,000
60 25 34,048 68,224 102,400 512,000
61 25 39,168 78,336 117,760 588,800
62 26 44,288 88,576 133,120 665,600
63 26 51,200 102,400 153,600 768,000
64 27 59,648 119,296 179,200 896,000
65 27 68,096 136,448 204,800 1,024,000
66 28 78,336 156,928 235,520 1,177,600
67 28 88,576 177,408 266,240 1,331,200
68 29 102,400 204,800 307,200 1,536,000
69 29 119,296 238,848 358,400 1,792,000
70 30 136,192 272,896 409,600 2,048,000
71 30 156,672 313,344 471,040 2,355,200
72 31 177,152 354,304 532,480 2,662,400
73 31 204,800 409,600 614,400 3,072,000
74 32 238,592 477,184 716,800 3,584,000
75 32 272,384 545,792 819,200 4,096,000
76 33 313,344 627,712 942,080 4,710,400
77 33 354,304 709,632 1,064,960 5,324,800
78 34 409,600 819,200 1,228,800 6,144,000
79 34 477,184 955,392 1,433,600 7,168,000
80 35 544,768 1,091,584 1,638,400 8,192,000
81 35 626,688 1,253,376 1,884,160 9,420,800
82 36 708,608 1,417,216 2,129,920 10,649,600
83 36 819,200 1,638,400 2,457,600 12,288,000
84 37 954,368 1,908,736 2,867,200 14,336,000
85 37 1,089,536 2,183,168 3,276,800 16,384,000

Dexterity (DEX)

Used In
Adds to a character's Armor Class value (though this may be reduced by worn armor, if the armor has a Max Dex value lower than the character's dexterity modifier). Adds to Reflex saving throws. Included in to-hit roll calculations for ranged weapons (both thrown and projectile). Used by a large number of skills.

Constitution (CON)

Used In
Adds to a character's hit points each time they gain a level. (This is really, really nice.) Adds to Fortitude saves. Used for a very small number of skills. Did we mention it adds to your hit points and fortitude saves?

Intelligence (INT)

Used In
Used by several classes for arcane spells and other class features. Used in a lot of skills. Determines how many languages you start with and can learn from your race's starting language list.

Starting Languages

All player characters can speak, read, and write the Common language at native familiarity, regardless of the race chosen, or their intelligence score. Some races provide an additional language to starting characters, regardless of their intelligence score. Characters with secondary languages from their race can speak, read and write these languages at native familiarity as well.

In addition to the starting language(s), characters with a positive Intelligence modifier gain one bonus language per +1 of their modifier. That is, a character with a 14 intelligence (which grants a +2 INT modifier) would learn 2 bonus languages. These bonus languages are selected from the list of bonus languages available to their chosen character race. Bonus languages are always learned at the fluent level of familiarity.

If a character improves their Intelligence through a permanent source (such as a magic item, a manual, or through level advancement), sufficient to increase their INT modifier, they gain an additional bonus language, chosen from the same list of their chosen race. If a character's INT modifier increases to the point where they could gain more bonus languages than those offered by their race, they no longer gain bonus languages for increasing their Intelligence (though they still gain additional skill ranks each level; see below).

Characters may also learn additional languages by placing ranks in the Linguistics skill.

Wisdom (WIS)

Used In
Used by several classes for divine spells and other class features. Used in a few skills, but they are quite important. Adds to Will saving throws, and that's rather nice.

Charisma (CHA)

Used In
Used by several classes for arcane spells and other class features. Used in a lot of good skills. Makes you real good lookin', and who doesn't like that?


Other Ability Scores

Some campaigns will have campaign-specific ability scores, which can have game effects specific to the campaign. If the optional Auramancy rules are used, for example, characters may begin with a seventh ability score called Blood (BLD) which dictates the strength of their Bloodline.

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